Control Chart

Tables of Constants for Control charts Table 8A – Variable Data ref : AIAG manual for SPC X bar and R Charts Chart for Averages Control Limits Factor Subgroup size (n) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 15 25 A2 1. 880 1. 023 0. 729 0. 577 0. 483 0. 419 0. 373 0. 337 0. 308 0. 223 0. 153 Chart for Averages Chart for Standard Deviation (s) Chart for Ranges (R) Divisors Divisors to to Control Estimate Factors for Control estimate Factors for Control Limits Factor Limits Limits ?x ?x d2 1. 128 1. 693 2. 059 2. 326 2. 534 2. 704 2. 847 2. 970 3. 078 3. 472 3. 931 D3 0. 076 0. 136 0. 184 0. 23 0. 347 0. 459 Centerline X bar and R Charts CL X = X CLR = R X bar and s Charts X bar and s charts CLX = X CL s = s Institute of Quality and Reliability www. world-class-quality. com D4 3. 267 2. 574 2. 282 2. 114 2. 004 1. 924 1. 864 1. 816 1. 777 1. 653 1. 541 A3 2. 659 1. 954 1. 628 1. 427 1. 287 1. 182 1. 099 1. 032 0. 975 0. 789 0. 606 c4 0. 7979 0. 8862 0. 9213 0. 9400 0. 9515 0. 9594 0. 9650 0. 9693 0 . 9727 0. 9823 0. 9896 B3 0. 030 0. 118 0. 185 0. 239 0. 284 0. 428 0. 565 Control Limits UCLX = X + A2 R LCL UCLR = D4 R LCL R = D3 R UCLX = X + A3 S LCL X = X ?A3 S UCL s = B4 s LCL s = B 3 s Control Chart Factors X = X ? A2 R B4 3. 267 2. 568 2. 266 2. 089 1. 970 1. 882 1. 815 1. 761 1. 716 1. 572 1. 435 ?x R d2 s c4 Page 1 of 3 Tables of Constants for Control charts Table 8B Variable Data ref : AIAG manual for SPC Median Charts Chart for Medians Charts for Individuals Chart for Individuals Chart for Ranges (R) Control Divisors to Limits Estimate Factors for Control Factor Limits ?x Subgroup size 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ~ A2 1. 880 1. 187 0. 796 0. 691 0. 548 0. 508 0. 433 0. 412 0. 362 d2 1. 128 1. 693 2. 059 2. 326 2. 534 2. 704 . 847 2. 970 3. 078 D3 0. 076 0. 136 0. 184 0. 223 D4 3. 267 2. 574 2. 282 2. 114 2. 004 1. 924 1. 864 1. 816 1. 777 Centerline CL Median Charts ~ X ~ =X CLR = R Charts for Individuals CL X =X CLR = R Institute of Quality and Reliability www. world-class-qua lity. com Control Limits Factor E2 2. 660 1. 772 1. 457 1. 290 1. 184 1. 109 1. 054 1. 010 0. 975 Chart for Moving Range (R) Divisors to Estimate Factors for Control ?x Limits d2 1. 128 1. 693 2. 059 2. 326 2. 534 2. 704 2. 847 2. 970 3. 078 D3 0. 076 0. 136 0. 184 0. 223 D4 3. 267 2. 574 2. 282 2. 114 2. 004 1. 924 . 864 1. 816 1. 777 Control Limits UCL ~ X ~ ~ = X + A2 R UCLR = D4 R UCL X = X + E 2 R UCLR = D4 R Control Chart Factors LCL ~ X ~ = X ? A2 R LCL R = D3 R LCL X = X ? E 2 R LCL R = D3 R Page 2 of 3 Tables of Formulas for Control charts Table 8 C Attribute Data ref : AIAG manual for SPC Centerline Control Limits Samples not necessarily of constant size UCL p chart for CL p = p proportions of units in a category pi = p+3 c chart for number of incidences in one or more categories ni LCL p i = p ? 3 p (1 ? p ) ni If the Sample size is constant (n) UCL p = p + 3 np chart for umber / rate of units in a category p (1 ? p ) p (1 ? p ) n LCL p = p ? 3 p (1 ? p ) n CL = np np UCL np = np + 3 np(1 ? p) LCLnp = np ? 3 np(1 ? p) CL c = c UCLc = c + 3 c LCLc = c ? 3 c Samples not necessarily of constant size CLu = u u chart for number of incidences per unit in one or more categories UCLu = u + 3 LCLu = u ? 3 u ni UCL u = u ? 3 u n UCL u = u ? 3 u n using average sample size UCL u = u + 3 u n If the sample size is constant (n) UCL u = u + 3 Institute of Quality and Reliability www. world-class-quality. com u ni u n Control Chart Factors Page 3 of 3

Hawthorne’s Young Goodman Brown Essay

Nathaniel Hawthorne is famous for using allegory and symbolism in his writings, and this technique is obvious in his short story, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown. † One major symbol of the story is Faith, Brown’s wife. Faith symbolizes Brown’s strong faith as he struggles between good and evil. In fact, with this very obvious representation, it can be interpreted that Faith is not a character but a mere physical representation of Brown’s own trust in God and belief in the goodness of mankind. Her name is no accident either as the author appropriately named her to show how the main protagonist’s morality regresses as the story progresses. The pink ribbon in Faith’s cap highlights this symbolism as it signifies the condition of Brown’s faith at that time. Pink is a combination of white (a sign purity) and red (a symbol of sin and corruption), which means that he is caught between good and evil and his faith is starting to waver. Faith, his wife, is Brown’s stronghold as he tries hard to resist evil around him. It is Faith who causes him to be hesitant on his journey in the first place. However, Brown’s confidence in his wife is seen as a mere representation of a deeper reality: Brown is not actually getting strength from his wife; but, rather, he is trying to convince himself that his faith in God is strong and he can resist evil. He knows that he is a sinner too, but he wants to uphold whatever goodness is left in him. His own faith, and not his wife, keeps him strong. He stands valiantly on his own disposition, but the truth that everyone, including him and his wife, is a sinner gives him a sense of hopelessness, which eventually weakens his faith. His wife’s joining the devil symbolizes the complete destruction of his faith. He is losing the battle, but he gives a last effort to save himself from the clutches of evil. Here again, Brown’s vehement urging to his wife to resist evil is actually his last effort to convince himself that his faith in God is intact. He is doing it not for the sake of his wife but for himself. However, it is too late; his faith finally dissolves and he gives in to the dark side.

AP history Yanamamo tribe

The Yeoman's diet consists of meat, fish, bananas, and fruits that are gathered. Each family is given a plot of land to garden. Bananas, plantains, sugarcane, mangoes, sweet potatoes, papayas, manioc, and corn are Just some of the crops that are grown. The Yeoman's are one of the last groups of people to practice Polygamy, or when a marriage consists of more than two people. In the Yeoman culture, a woman is in charge of all the domestic duties, chores, and taking care of the children. Basket weaving is a skill that the women of the tribe have perfected.These baskets are used for carrying and storing food. Yeoman children are to help their mothers with the day to day activities. At the age of eight, young boys begin to watch over the male members and learn the duties of a man in the Yeoman community. The language that Is spoken is comprised of four main languages, Yang, Sauna, Homonym and Yeoman. The Yeoman culture Is described as being filled with violence. The Womanly people have a history of acting violently towards other tribes, and each other. They are known to raid nearby villages, and Diana women and children.Violence Is one of the leading causes of Womanly death. Most of Yeoman males die violent deaths In constant conflict between neighboring tribes (Unknown, normally Indians of Brazil†). In the past, the Yeoman have generally attacked Europeans settlers that are Invading their land. This culture had remained almost completely Isolated from outside Influence until the twentieth century. In the asses, several missionaries came to the Womanly territory. With them they brought an abundance of Western goods, medical retirement, and offering to open up schools to the Womanly.Although with many promises to better their culture, the Womanly refused the westernizes and the missionaries failed to convert any of the Womanly people. This was Just one of the many challenges the Indigenous culture has faced from the Invasion of Western society. Although their population Is slowly decreasing, the Womanly people have been able to mammalian their Orlando way of life. AP history Yeoman tribe By Chelsea-Gerard community. The language that is spoken is comprised of four main languages, Yang, Sauna, Homonym and Yeoman.The Yeoman culture is described as being filled with violence. The Yeoman people have a history of acting violently kidnap women and children. Violence is one of the leading causes of Yeoman death. Most of Yeoman males die violent deaths in constant conflict between neighboring tribes (Unknown, ammonia Indians of Brazil†). In the past, the Yeoman have generally attacked Europeans settlers that are invading their land. This culture had remained almost completely isolated from outside influence until he twentieth century.In the asses, several missionaries came to the Yeoman treatment, and offering to open up schools to the Yeoman. Although with many promises to better their culture, the Yeoman refused the westernizes and the m issionaries failed to convert any of the Yeoman people. This was Just one of the many challenges the indigenous culture has faced from the invasion of Western society. Although their population is slowly decreasing, the Yeoman people have been able to maintain their original way of life.

Interpretive Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Interpretive Strategies - Essay Example This has been considered as a wonderful mix of communication principles. For this purpose, the person who interprets should have basic working knowledge. The working knowledge should be about; journalism, marketing, psychology, non formal and adult education theory and presentation, business management and finances, reservation and tourism planning/ principles, media planning and design principles (John A. Veverka, 2006). The interpretive techniques and principles can be observed when we see an advertisement, magazine, television or a movie. The interpretation will depend on the reality used in the techniques of interpretation. The understanding of an interpreters about the knowledge and the view of the visitors will be helpful in the success of the interpretation. This cannot be termed as the truth in the interpretation. In the aforementioned context, the view expressed about interpretation is that the one which follows the views of the visitors. The truth lies in the interpretation if the interpreters consider the memory, recreational learning and learning experience of the visitors. This consideration of the interpreters may result in the truth in the interpretation. The learning of the visitor from the interpretation can be in the form of fun also. The methods like coin collecting, model making, studying aspects of history, bird watching etc. is involved with recreational learning. The persons learn from interpretation because they want to discover the pleasure of learning in the interpretation. Part 1 3. System Area Plan The system area considered here is information. It can be presented in many forms and as a result was selected as system area. The presentation of information may be straight facts, figures and dates, analyses and stories. A guide provides information to tourists almost without interpretation. A Writer provides information to the readers with information. For example, the environmental education in the form of a program or exhibit can be presented in either an informational instructional approach. These need interpretive approach. In all the above mentioned conditions, the communication nature of the interpretation should be taken into consideration. The education due to interpretation occurs, when the recipient receives the message and understands it. After that it needs the remembrance. The way of communication and the nature of interpretation also will regulate remembrance. The interpretation regarding the sensitive aspects of the human nature will make them remember the informati on conveyed for a long time. The listeners do not remember the information, if they do not understand the information conveyed. Though interpretation needs the resources, it is not resource specific. It can be considered as objective driven and audience focused process. It looks for results after using the marketing and advertising techniques. This can be termed as interpretation communication strategy. The communication need to provoke curiosity, attention and interest in the listeners or the learners. The absence of attention will not make them to stop before an exhibit. The strategy must be in a manner to provoke and create attention. For provoking and creating, the interpreter must think about the reasons the visitor wants information. The answer to the questions that arise by that thinking

The arguments that Socrates provides of the immortality of the soul in Essay

The arguments that Socrates provides of the immortality of the soul in the book Phaedo by Plato - Essay Example Introduction: An expository claim of immortality of the soul upon death 3. Arguments in support of the claim; A. The opposite argument B. The â€Å"theoretic argument of recollection† C. The â€Å"affinity argument† D. The argument is that relating to â€Å"form of life.† 4. Conclusion. Abstract The purpose of this paper is to provide readers with a critical thinking about Socrates’ presupposition of the â€Å"morality of the soul.† The paper is premised on the claim that human soul is separated from the body by death and this separation is affected by a philosopher’s practice of death. In discussing the relevancy of this paper four arguments shall be considered as stated by Plato’s phaedo. These include the opposite argument that the soul is divinely eternal as opposed to death, the â€Å"theoretical argument of recollection†, the affinity belief and the argument relating to â€Å"form of life. This paper reveals Plato’ s absurd revelation of the end of a Socrates life but then the Socrates was encouraged with the assurance of life after death. This therefore forms the thesis claim of this paper wherein the author underscores the morality of the soul by looking at the effect of death on the mortal being and the assurance of life by the immortality person. ... A person’s body is made up of three segments; that is, the body, soul and spirit. This composition is the mortal being. The body is physical composition which perishes by the catastrophic appearance of death. The spirit can never die and the assurance is that the soul that lives within the spirit shall continue to dwell in the spirit after death hence the immortality. Therefore, the Socrates were outraged by the death that takes away philosophers thus engineering them to explore more about the immortal being and its benefits. When a child is born, he thinks as a child and as that child progresses in life, he or she learns to be an adult. This does not matter whether the child would be a thinker or not but every person has a thought thinking attitude on his or her mind. It differs depending on your intellect and genetics (Weiss63). One school of thought argues that good thinking people should never perish but an opposing school of thought believe that there is no good person an d therefore, whatever happens is absurdity. If this was the yardstick in measuring that lives and who doesn’t, then some class of people would not be considered useful. However, before God, every human creature is useful and important. It is your character and evasion which will determine your ultimate home; that is, hell or heaven. Whom man would consider useless, God considers him important (Weiss60). . This is a clear revelation why death does not distinguish. Good, bad, murderers, hypocrites and people of various sins face death. Death is a unifying factor to all by the justifiable end of life. This is what worried the Socrates until the revelation of the claim about life after death. The author takes a philosophical journey in analyzing this claim upon which the following arguments

Digital Forensics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Digital Forensics - Essay Example It also articulates the legal requirements for the logs to be admissible and the requirements for the system administrator to be an expert witness. The paper further describes the requirements for one to qualify as an expert witness for testimony under the Daubert and the Frye tests. Digital Forensics, also called computer forensics, cyber forensics, security forensics or forensic analysis is the application of computer investigation and analysis techniques to gather proof or evidence appropriate for presentation in a court of law. One can also define digital forensics as the practice of scientifically derived and verified techniques and tools to preserve, collect, validate, identify, analyze, interpret, document and present â€Å"after-the-fact† digital information derived from digital sources in order to facilitate or further the rebuilding of events as forensic evidence (Willassen & Mjolsnes, 2005). While traditional evidence includes any concrete information like audio-visual documents, paper documents or scientific evidence such as DNA, which investigators use in trials, electronic evidence is any kind of information acquired by means of a device or any other digital medium that investigators can utilize to prove the certainty of a fact during a trial. According to Cybex digital collection company, majority of jurists including prosecutors, lawyers, judges, notaries and members of Judiciary Council hold onto the view that the validity of electronic evidence is corresponding to traditional evidence in trial. The aim of digital forensics is to perform an ordered investigation while upholding a documented series of evidence to detect precisely what happened on the scene of crime and who was accountable for it. Within the requirements and interpretation of law, digital forensics must have its basis on the science of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). Before gathering any evidence, the suitable authorities

Economics of Asia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Economics of Asia - Essay Example As the authors point out, the reformation process was spurred by popular demands for change leading to a more ‘capitalist’ form of economy with Chinese attributes. This form of capitalism was advocated by the higher Chinese elites who did not want to lose but perhaps wanted to expand their shares in the wealth of the country. It is explained that the move towards capitalism was driven more by greed although it monetarily benefitted the elites far more than before. The socialist economic policies of Mao’s era were characterized by centralized decision making, no private ownership of the means of production, large industries, and political control over the people through parties. Dissatisfaction with the ongoing political, social, and economic trends, the people demonstrated their anger and frustration as their social and economic life declined. Mao’s era of government played a vital role in paving the way for socialist reformation. The period saw increased production despite several large unrests in the country. Production output plunged dramatically although the agricultural relatively lagged behind in terms of its pace of develo pment. Despite growth in production outputs and the overall economy, China still faced a lot of economic problems by the end of Mao’s era. Since the economic decision making was extremely centralized, the market could not efficiently and productively respond to the needs and wants of the people. While some goods were produced in large quantities, others were under-produced. As Hart-Landberg argues, while China has experienced rapid and a remarkably high growth rate while maintaining its growth, its success cannot be considered in isolation with the wider aspects of its economic transformation process (35). While many countries may view the Chinese economic policies as a model for successful economic growth, the economic strategy of China should not be accounted

Young Offenders and Youth Justice Research Paper

Young Offenders and Youth Justice - Research Paper Example There has been a concern of how the society views and deals with young people. Some people believe that juvenile engage in antisocial behaviors because of lack of good rearing by the parents, while others believe that the whole society has failed to instill morals to its young people. However, studies have documented that due to increase in poverty and technology, young people are involved in different crimes (Barnickol 430). Conversely, studies have also documented that culture dictates the parenting style, which in turn has a lot to do with the child’s development. In light with his, it has been argued that bad parenting style has effects on the behavior of a child. Although measures exist, it is apparent that they have not elucidated on how best strategies they use can comprehensively address the problem. What is currently evident is that these measures lessen the situation with little empirical approach being adopted in order to address the causes of anti-social behavior a mong young people (Hancock 142). In this regard, more emphasis has been on the correctional perspective, but this problem requires a comprehensive approach, which incorporates both correctional and preventive approaches. With such deliberations, the current research would be of help in utilizing theoretical frameworks in order to ascertain the best approaches to use in order to both correct and mitigate causes of anti-social behavior among young people. ... Another major concern involves poor parenting. It is believed that poor parenting can slowly develop a culture of unruly behavior. Parents who use permissive parenting style tend to unknowingly encourage their children to engage in unruly behaviors (Harr 64). However, some studies have noted that when parents are unable to provide basic necessities to their children, they have little control over their lives. To some parents, they become too busy to have quality time with their children. This way, children tend to imitate other people without any control of their actions (Gottfredson 94). In fact, when this continues and they realize their parents cannot control their lives, most of them indulge in drugs – something that highly contributes to delinquent behavior. An Introduction of Key Research Questions In regard to the above-mentioned issues, it is apparent that there is a need to have the issue of anti-social behaviors among young people addressed comprehensively (Gaines 28 ). The current research aims at presenting theoretical and comparative measures to not only reform the already existing youth justice system but also to provide a framework that can help reduce and prevent cases of anti-social behaviors among young people. In this scope, the hypothesis of the research argues that if community based programs that deal with child rearing can be introduced, the rate of juvenile anti-social behaviors can be reduced (Hodge 103). In this regard, the research aims to find solutions to the following questions, which will give an overview of causes of anti-social behavior among young people. 1. What causes of anti-social behavior among young people. 2. How effective are the programs designed to

The inequality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The inequality - Essay Example The blame game going on is deep-rooted in the inappropriate structure of the American economy that cultivates inequality. Economic inequality can be gauged by comparing the earnings of a worker at the top with those of a worker at the middle. The economic inequality has grown more than two-folds from 1978 to 2010. Today, 400 Americans have more income than half of the total population of The US. In the economic boom from the Second World War up until 1978, economic benefits were widely distributed and the whole society benefited. But as the US started to recover from the economic recession of 2008, 95% of the gains went to the top 1% people. Something happened in the early 1980s that altered the relationship between economic growth and wages for the worse. Along with the stagnation of wages for the middle-class, costs of housing, education, healthcare and other facilities have soared up. Multinational companies are not increasing their products or services’ range so that more people would be hired because more and more people are aspiring to join the middle class while the purchasing power of the massive middle class in the US is decreasing. The stringent tax laws of the US serve as a disincentive for multinational corporations to bring their money to the US, so they instead spend their money buying other companies e.g. Microsoft buying Nokia. Some inequality is desirable in a capitalist system to motivate people to work hard and rise up economically, but the real problem is rooted in the inequality of opportunities in the US. The inequality of opportunities is much attributable to biased tax laws determined by the top 1% in their own favor. The existing economic structure of the US is shattering Americans’ confidence in democracy at large. An economy cannot be stable without having a strong middle-class. When adjusted for inflation, the median wage in the US is declining, and that is increasing the

Cross Platform Mobile and Web Widgets installation Thesis

Cross Platform Mobile and Web Widgets installation - Thesis Example re has been a need of a framework that could allow for client-based cross-platform widgets or application, thus removing restrictions imposed by server and allowing for more powerful web applications or widgets to be used by a website user. In this research, an attempt has been made to develop a client-based framework that can allow a web widget to be installed and run on any client platform, thus allowing the web widget to modify and display the information sent by the web server in a way that is more comprehensible and productive to the user. As part of this research, a prototype framework has been successfully developed for Android operating system. This framework consists of three components which are the micro engine, the Event Hook and the browser plug-in. Dalvik VM for the Android operating system has been modified to run on an x86 architecture system. It is then utilized to run the web widget or application making it accessible for the user from within the browser. The successfully development and demonstration of the framework shows that client-based multi-platform applications or widgets are certainly possible. The framework itself is a first, since no attempts to develop such type of framework were made. Hence, it is expected that this research will open up a new area for web widget development and form the basis of a large number of future researches. Computer-mediated communication and decision-making applications for teams are extremely varied and ubiquitous, ranging from e-mail to shared bulletin boards for classrooms to remote conferencing. As the potential to put these applications onto the Web becomes better exploited, computer-mediated communication and coordination of teams of individuals will become even more widespread. Although the Web is normally thought of as an individual-to-mass form of communication, it actually has a great deal of potential to serve team collaboration. This is largely due to the cross-platform nature of Web design.

Essay question about documentary film Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Question about documentary film - Essay Example Establishing the truth was not the purpose. Capturing the Friedmans was shown as realistic and transparent In what ways does Jarecki’s representation of the â€Å"documentary impulse† reverberate with Tom Gunning’s definition? (agree) Jarecki's creating a document from a group of facts corresponds with Gunn's definition. Jarecki's document doesn't show his viewer many direct facts other than lawyer repeating Mr Friedman's confession once he is in prison of getting "excited being by the four year old". We are witness to the young man who said he was hypnotized before confessing. In both men's definition, the viewer is the onlooker. In discretionary moments were displayed but they were explained verbally. It is difficult to believe that the rest of the family knew nothing was going on for so many years. There were moments of high emotions with some embarrassment. What does Capturing the Friedmans tell us about documentary impulses that Gunning doesn’t? (diff erent) Capturing the Friedmans was a soul searching verbal diary of one boy of the video history of he and his family while growing up. There was no visible proof in the film of any in discretionary acts. Facts can be created or implied from a set of videos, and then later proved otherwise. There were no actual facts which came from the documentary impulse of Jarecki.

Interpersonal Communication Essay Example for Free

Interpersonal Communication Essay I joined Eclairs Molders in 2003 immediately after I finished my studies. I had been attached to the organization for more than 3 months during my field attachment. Therefore I had a prior knowledge of the organization and had interacted with several people. When they considered my application for a job, I was happy to join an organization which I had the values oriented towards outcome achievement and had a high degree of people orientation. I was now part and parcel of the organization. When I joined the organization, I was lucky since I was put under the same department that I had served before. I was under the same supervisor who had supervised me during my field attachment. I did not have to be oriented much in the organization culture and other aspects of its operation since I had gone through the same socialization process before. But there was one person who had oriented me in the organization and who remained relevant to me even after I joined the organization for work. That was the secretary in the Production department where I was assigned as an assistant manager. She was still relevant to me as she showed me how I had to start my work and settled in my job. With time we became very close to one another. This was to end up in romantic relationship. In the development of our relationship, we had undergone the full Knapp’s relationship escalation model. I still remember the initiation stage of our relationship when I was directed to her office where she would orient me to the organization. The first 10 to 15 seconds were spent knowing about each other. There was a mutual attraction that developed between us that time as we observed each other’s appearance and manners. Our experimental phase was marked by the continuous interaction that we has as I worked with her guidance. I had a lot of uncertainties about her although I felt more attracted to her. I had to use several strategies in order to reduce this level of uncertainties. Under the uncertainty reduction theory it took on actives and interactive strategies in order to learn more about her. This helped me to gain knowledge and understanding about her. In active strategies, I enquired about her from her friends and also set up several situations under which I would observe her closely like enquiring a lot about work from her. In the interactive strategies, I talked with her most of the time often brining in other topics not related to work so that I would understand her more. Though our relationship remained at this phase when I was in my field attachment it dramatically changed its course when I started working in the company. Although I was assigned another secretary I would still rely on her most of the time and she was also supportive to orient my secretary to her work. We developed a liking for each other and she would spend some of her time in my office sometimes with no official attachment but just chatting with one another. We sure that our relationship had to go beyond business relationship but there was a sense of romance in the air. Our relationship grew and reached the intensification period. At this time we were closer with one another and we disclosed that were wanted to from a lasting romantic relationship. We knew that it would be hard for us to operate in the work place as lovers but we had to our best in order to keep our relationship rolling. Self disclosure was an important aspect that helped to cement our relationship. We developed from the hidden pane to the open pane of Johari window as we opened ourselves to one another. We came to understand our characters and helped each other to understand their characters as well. By undergoing several windows we were able to know each other. Mutual disclosure helped us to know each other well and the trust in our relationship deepened. Following the social penetration theory, we undertook several practices in order to gain closeness in our relationship. This helped our relationship to progress from superficial to intimate. Self disclosure was an important factor in this theory that helped our relationship to grow. We gave rewards from time to time. We all strived to achieve each others satisfaction to help gain stability in our relationship. At first I was not willing to disclosure myself to her. But with time she started disclosing herself and our trust grew. According other norm of reciprocity, I had to disclose myself to her since she had already disclosed herself to me. I found out that she felt better when I disclosed myself to her since she was able to know me well. In the intensifying phase we were able to disclose our love to one another. Our relationship grew and we found ourselves with each other most of the time. At tea break, she would be at my desk while I found myself entering the manager’s office more than office just to pays by her and greet her. Most of the workers around especially the manager and my secretary started noting that there was a growing relationship between us. We would go for lunch together. Slowly we started integrating with tone another. No one wanted to go for lunch or go home alone. After work, we would go to her house and we would have supper together. We started caring for one another. We were like one person. Mine was hers and hers was mine. With were simply inseparable. Most of the time we had to make personal sacrifice in order to accommodate each other. We involved several pro-social strategies in order to gain compromise with one another behavior. Like in any other relationship, we had to make sacrifices to accommodate the other. We made a lot of promises to one another in order to gain compliance. We expressed our positive and negative feelings in order to gain compliance with one another. This helped to build our relationship more and trust each other more. According to the Relationship Dialectics theory as far as connectedness-separateness is concerned with had to make a lot of personal sacrifice in our autonomy for the sake of our relationship. It is not that we did not experience conflict in our relationship but most of time we had to accommodation strategy in order to overcome our conflicts. Many times we accommodate each other but sometimes we had to compromise on a situation when it became too difficult for us to find a solution to the problem. Other time we had to collaborate with one another in order to find a mutually and completely satisfactory solution of our conflict in a win-win situation. At this stage of our relationship, we were sure that we needed each others in our life. Our parent started pressurizing us to get married and stay together. We though that we had the most romantic relationship on earth. We also felt the same need to get married and stay together. But there were other factors that we had to take into consideration before setting down for our marriage. We considered the fact that we had to take time to build ourselves and our relationship before deciding to get married. It was hectic at work to keep our relationship rolling. It was still more difficult to stay in the same department yet in different offices. I found myself delegating most of my secretary duties to my girlfriend and it was evident that she was not auguring well with it. The manager also felt that her secretary was being overburdened to handle his order and my orders as well. In most cases, it was my girlfriend who delegated her work to my secretary. It was like I had assumed her existence and her roles (West and Turner 2000, p. 32). However we did our best to manage our relationship. We had to set time to be together and time to stay at work and carry out our duties. Most of the time the manager complained we were not getting serious with our work and we seemed to value our relationship more than our work. These were some of the difficulties that we had expected from the begging when we decided to be together. Therefore we had to make a lot of sacrifices and commitment most of our time to our work rather than our relationship. But our relationship was not to stay for long. The more it became evident to coworkers that we were in love, the more it became difficult for us to handle our relationship. There were a lot of conflicts that we were able to go through but others became sticky with time. It was just one of such conflicts between maintaining our relationship and carrying out our duties as required that made our relationship difficult to continue with. The conflict As an assistant production manager, I handled most of the incoming production orders from the sales team. I had to vet those order and decide the one which had to be produced first before the others. The work of the manager was just of authorize the production of the orders. Therefore I acted as the main link between the sale department and the production department. On the other hand my secretary and my girlfriend who was the secretary to the production manager linked me with the manager. When I received the orders, I vetted them and gave them to my secretary who would then give them to the Managers secretary for them to be passed to the manager. After the manager signed them, they would follow the same route and come back to me where I would forward them to the production supervisor. This was a complicate change but there was nothing that I could do to make it simpler since that was the culture of the organization. One day, I received a call from the sales department and I was informed of orders that had to be produced within 24 hours. Although we used to handle such orders they were rare and most of our orders were produced within a period of one week. Therefore at this was an urgent order that had to be completed fast. In a normal condition, I was authorized to vet such an order and pass it direct the manager without involving the secretary so that it would be produced within the stipulated time. When I received the orders I decided to take them direct to the manager to be signed. I went to the manager office but I found that he was engaged with another client. For the past tow days, we had not been in good terms with my girlfriend but this was just a normal conflict in a relationship. Therefore when I found that the manager was engaged, we decided to talk with my girlfriend as we waited for the client to finish so that I would see the manager. But our conversation became deep and emotional and I forgot that I had urgent order to be attended to. I became very emotion as my girlfriend seemed to annoy me through the conversation. I just left the order on her table and hurried back to my office apparently very upset from the conversation we had. I did not remember about the orders again. I spent the day in my office attending to other work and I felt very low. The next day in the morning, I go a call from the sales department calling for the packaging of the products as the cline had come to collect them. This was the beginning of the conflict. I called the sales department and informed them that the manager had not signed the orders and therefore they had not been processed. According to the deception theory, I had to manipulate what had happened in order to shift the blame from my office to the manager office although I knew very well that there was a high level of apprehension about the deception in what I was saying. The sales department tried to assimilate the validity of my explanation and immediately it was clear that this as not true. There was some element of deceit in my message. Therefore the sales manager called the production managers office and enquired about the orders. The manager sought to be explained why production manager had not approved the production and yet the office did not communicate to the sales office in order to cancel the orders. The production manager was not aware of any such order and therefore he immediately called me in order to get to the bottom of what had happened. As per my explanation, I told the manager that I had taken a step of handing over the order sot here secretary so that they could be processed easily and I thought that he had not approved those orders. But the secretary had not handed in the order. Amid the conversation and conflict that we had with her, she had forgotten to hand in the order as a matter of urgency and therefore they had not bee approved. Therefore the conflict degraded to be a dyad conflict between me, my girlfriend and the production manager. I shifted the blame to my girlfriend that as the secretary of the manager she had the duty to hand in the orders. The manager on the other and blamed me since I did not treat order with the needed urgency. My girlfriend also blamed me since I did not inform her that the order was urgent and therefore she concentrated on finishing the work that was on her desk first. It ended up as a blame game but between me and her, it was more emotional and entwined to the other conflicts that we had before. Therefore it was a dyad conflict another it was far reaching as it involved deferent department. To me the conflict was more complicated by the emotional bond that I had with the person to who all the blame was falling. I blamed myself since I didn’t do what was right. I just found myself defending my position and forgot all the sacrifices that we had made in the past in our relationship in order to accommodate the other. There was power of love that was entwined in the conflict that made it difficult for me to come over it. At the same time there were office protocols that had to be followed in carrying out the needed activities. The cause of the conflict was vested in the misunderstanding in our relationship and lack of responsibility to my duties. The conflict was difficult to solve coupled with the emotional bond that was between us. In this case the more we tried to come up with solution on how the production could be achieved within hours in order to deliver the products the conflict went back to the start. With the full understanding of the relationship that was between me and his secretary, the production manager became harsher and his usual criticisms of neglecting our duties for the sake of our live escalated once again. There was just one condition that he put for us. It was either we took our relationship out of the work place or one or both of us resign from work and be left at home. His stance made it more difficult to resolve the conflict. But one again there was also the factor of my secretary who argued that she had been neglected in performance of her duties and she was considered to be under the manager’s secretary. With the full understating that both my office and the office of the manager had their own identify and freedom of operation, the manager could not understand how our relationship had fused the operation of both offices such that come of her office tasks were performed by my secretary and my work was performed by his secretary. We had to find a way out of the conflict. We were able to solve the immediate effect of the conflict and we ordered production of the order in a matter of hours. But there was still the problem our work and our relationship that could not be ignored. The manager wanted us to solve it once and for all. At the end the conflict had a destructive effect on our relationship. Coupled with the conflict that we had earlier with my girlfriend, it became difficult to go over the current conflict that we were facing. She accused me of deception and using her as a scape-goat in order to evade the responsibility of what had happened. The trust she had build on me had been deconstructed by one event and our relationship could not take off against or be the same as it had been before. We had entered into a conflict that we could hardly go over. Earlier we had revealed our conflict through accommodating each other and compromise on one situation. But this time she seemed to have taken an avoidance strategy in our conflict. She did not pay attention to what had happened and the ramification it had on our relationship but all she did was to avoid me altogether. She did not appear to pay close attention in order to match the strategies that we could use to solve the problem to the situation that was at our hand. I thought that with time we could recover from the time pressure that was affecting how we resolved our conflict. To me our relationship was more valued and thereof I was ready to compromise and sacrifice myself in order to overcome the conflict to match the situation. But I had used by relative power strategy in order to put the blame on her and I knew she would not forgive me for this. I realized that I was working and therefore I was ready to accommodate her for the sake of our relationship. But she had already reached interpscyhic phase where although she said noting she was more focused on my faults and show used may faults to withdraw from active participation in our relationship. She felt justified in withdrawing from the relationship. But it was over and our relationship entered the terminal stage. First we had differed as I had a ‘me’ stand instead of ‘we’ in the conflict. We were both responsible for the conflict but I had exempted myself from it and accused her. This had acted as the first warning sign that our relationship was just be ending. It had started to dissolve with our earlier conflict and this conflict as the last final strike that drove the nail in. Since that conflict happened we had less instance of communication. We had less interaction as we took to the workplace procedure. Suddenly we had developed different interests and what had our fun been before was not making sense to the other. Although we continued to be with one another from time to time and many thought that our relationships was normal, I knew inside myself that it was not working and non of us was working to save the situation. We reached as stagnation stage and none of us talked about our relationship again. Sometime we would be together and spend a lot of time without talking. In the office our interaction were reduced and even when we interacted, we talked about office matters most of the time. With time we started to avoid each other. There were efforts to reduce face to face conversation with the other and in case I needed something from the manager I would either send the secretary or if she was busy, I would use the office phone. I also noted that she had the same attitude and she reduced the number of trips she had been making to my office and the phone line became active as the main communication channel. At the end, the termination of our relationship was natural. We stopped seeing each. I used my secretary a lot when I wanted anything from the manager’s office. We simple ended our relationship like that and though with difficult, we tried our best to remain coworkers until the date she left the company for another. Up to date I feel that we didn’t hand our conflict the way it was supposed to have been handled. We didn’t pay attention to the fine details of our relationship and we were too emotional in trying to find a solution to it. But it was compounded by the fact that it had emanated from another conflict and this had the effect of an outsider who had more power than us. The nature of the conflict was also difficult as there were protocols or work procedures that had been overtaken by our emotional involvement.

Corporate Management of Starbucks in Action

Corporate Management of Starbucks in Action Assignment 01: Explain how Starbucks was able to perform its operations around the globe, was it successful in performing its operations with existing operations and there is any need for Starbucks to move forward for joint ventures and strategic alliance. Introduction: In 1971, Starbucks started their journey and now they are operating more than 50 countries in the world. Their total number of store is about 16,706 in 16000 locations around the world. Most of them 8850 stores are operated by the company and the rest of them are licensed store.  [1]  Globalization is a movement toward economic, financial, trade, and connections integration globally. In broader sense, globalisation implies free transfer of capital, goods, and services across around the globe. In business context, cooperation and competitiveness both are embraced by globalization. Major perceptive of depending on each other and shared responsibilities at work across company and nationwide boundaries come from idea of cooperation. The awareness developed by the idea of competitiveness that cooperation without motivation is fruitless to failure and that only practical encouragement can continuous development and growth become a normal way of life.( Globalization of business: practic e and theory by Abbas Ali) Theory of international trade: The exchange of capital, goods, services across international borders or territories is basically international trade. The crucial to the persistence of globalization is in increasing of international trade. The lacking of international trade and it caused limited goods and services produced within their own borders. There are different model of international trade for the business. Ricardian model Ricardian model mainly take in consideration on comparative advantage it is one of the most important concept in international trade theory. In this model, give importance on countries specialization in producing most excellent. The major drawback of this theory is that does not believe factor endowments like labour and capital with respective to country. Heckscher-Ohlin model The Heckscher-Ohlin theory focuses that resources required for countries producing and exporting goods. Accoding to Heckscher-Ohlin theory, a country should used most plentiful and cheapest resources in producing and exporting goods. It has some core assumption: Capital and labour flow freely between sectors Labour and capital may vary between two countries (difference in endowments) Free trade Technology is the same diagonally countries (long-term) Tastes are same.  [i]   Current situation and performance of Starbucks: Starbucks has created a global chain in market industry around the world. This company is operating more than 50 countries and their estimated turnover is about $5300 million in each year. Their main product is coffee and demand of the product is increasing globally. Starbucks cafe is very reputed and around 30 million customer visit in each week. This is one of the credit sides for the Starbucks.  [2]  Currently Starbucks seems a rising part of their business and is going to become a leading global organisation in the world. Companys global market capturing and their effectiveness in ventures made them successful in achieving organizational goals. There are many countries where are operating their business. These are: Australia, Taiwan, Thailand, United Arab Emirates, Egypt, United Kingdom, and the United States, Bahrain, Canada, Hong Kong, Israel, Japan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Malaysia, New Zealand, Oman, and Peoples Republic of China, Philippines, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sou th Korea, and Switzerland. Their way of attracting customer attention is very important for the business to become worldwide brand that actually helping them to manage partnership of reputed company. This is positive side for Starbucks to move in future and its international market developments. This is one of the strengths for to be a foremost coffee retailer around the world.  [3]   Human resource management evaluation: Human resource management plays an important role in the organisation by managing human resource inside the organisation. In order to improve skills of employees requires learning. It does not matter how the candidate is, they can be best or 100% qualified. It can be solved by human resource management by implementing learning management system. (Beardwell Holden, 1997). Every employee should have the knowledge about the various processes that they can develop skill in specified area. They need to respond 100% in their job. Thats why human resource management and normal management need to cooperate with each other. The companys principle rules mainly focus on employees and how to guide them according to mission of the organisation. Moreover, Starbucks gives facilities to their employees by creating good work environment as well as treat with them with friendly. Starbucks also provide training to their employees for the enhancement of knowledge, attitudes and skills that they need to perform task supplied by the employer. Starbucks also motivate their employee to perform task well. They also informed to their employees about everything. Employees are also capable to work under pressure easily. They also evaluate their employees through various programs as well as developed their employees to compete globally. When they recruit people newly then they must provide training for them.  [4]   External environment analysis (opportunities and threats): Starbucks is operating in more than 30 countries around the globe including United States by Joint venture, licensing and entirely owned. For subsidiary company needs a lot of training, supervising, management assistance and technology transfer for the partner. Product innovation is very effective for them and it came out with new products. Starbucks also focused on diversification. It also entered into alliances with different company to serve coffee. International Business Expansion Strategies of Starbucks: Subsidiary   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Starbucks Coffee International Inc. started its journey as subsidiary of Starbucks which was formed in 1995.As a subsidiary it is liable to introduce improvement challenges beyond North America which combines stores planning and financing, logics and operational management, merchandising of business, improvisation of skilled and matured mangers of Starbucks international (Kotha and Glassman 2003) and introducing new strategy of business development. The international courses of expansion and strategies are managed by the International Starbucks as a separate owned subsidiary. Two strategies are followed when introducing in a brand new market. Licensing and joint venture are the chosen two.    International Joint Venture   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   The joint venture introduces a strategy towards managerial liabilities .A strategy for new business entity comes with shared ownership which is implied by two or more farms. The agenda of venture strategy is mostly for short time period with some particular quoted mottoes. Starbucks (Briscoe and Schuler 2004) is an example of adopting such strategy in business internationally.(Schuler et al 2003) Two or more parent farms which deeply invest resources as well as financial momentum to convince particular aims that introduced International joint ventures(IJVs) which are different organizational entities both in legal and economical perspectives.   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Joint venture introduces a strategy towards managerial liabilities .A strategy for new business entity comes with shared ownership which is implied by two or more farms. The agenda of venture strategy is mostly for short time period with some particular quoted mottoes. Starbucks (Briscoe and Schuler 2004) is an example of adopting such strategy in business internationally.(Schuler et al 2003) Two or more parent farms which deeply invest resources as well as financial momentum to convince particular aims that introduced International joint ventures(IJVs) which are different organizational entities both in legal and economical perspectives. Manufacturing and foreign joint venture; licensing and joint venture; franchising and joint venture are example of combination market entry strategies. Licensing and joint ventures are the strategies that applied with Starbucks international. Mostly the stores located in USA are owned under corporation, other than USA the stores are under corporation or owned partially in joint ventures (Alexandrides and Bowers2005).   Licensing   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Manufacturing or marketing someones good(s) for international business success depends on licensing rights. The basic way of entering in new location of business through showing positivity to the binding of contract .Such as; licensing the goods, technology help to other farm and absolute services. In return for royalty payment; the corporation sells a particular right to introduce and advertise the good under these criteria. Starbucks does not need to undertake any monetary actions for partnership investment under this particular method. It is an amicable way to get access in international market. Starbucks can also benefit from granting license to a licensee that is more familiar with the market.  [5]  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Entry strategies in action: Strategic alternative options for Starbucks: Having analysed the external and internal forces of Starbucks it is now possible to generate three possible future strategic decisions. These strategies will be analysed thoroughly before one of them is recommended as the best way forward. The options I have chosen to analyse are Diversification, Mergers and Expansion. If a business is in diversification, it starts making new products or contribution new services. Businesses can diversify in two ways; related and unrelated. I propose Starbucks attempt related diversification; by this I mean diversification reflecting some connection with the organisations activities. Starbucks is successful in appropriate development method or not: The path chosen by Starbucks is the appropriate way to expand the business globally considering every aspects and expertise of the business. Strategy like licensing and joint venture helped to uplift the quality and service of Starbucks. As mentioned earlier Starbucks adopts the partnership method with a local experienced farm. This method delivers vast opportunities to scrutinise the local consumers more closely. As a result it was easy to cope up with the local consumers expectations and inject success in the business. Alternative methods might be suitable for the company: Strategy like franchising or cross-selling can be elected by Starbucks when entering in a new region. It is more licensing alike. Company like McDonalds which represents the perfect example of franchising. In the scenario of McDonalds, the real company allows franchising terms to other current farms to deliver their goods. Other than North America every business of Starbucks is owned partially. On the other hand, McDonalds is a representation of franchising which is owned by separate corporations. Starbucks may adopt method like franchising. In the franchising method, the relation is more parallel between both parties. In this strategy the franchisee is more controlled by the franchisor.    Starbucks use of different methods in different markets: While entering markets the strategy may vary place to place. Before making any further entry to a new market a company must keep certain countable factors to make the investment successful. Internal as well as external facts should not be ignored. Starbucks does assessments like ethical, economical, sociological, industrial positioning and other factors. There are three important groups of facts which are assessed prior accessing in a new market. Environment of business in that very country, environment of home country and important factors of company are the must do three. Political stability of business, conditions like macroeconomics, potentiality of resources, size of the market and internal economical relation are included in host country environment. Factors like expansion of foreign economy, conditions of market and government positivity towards foreign exchange are included in host country environment. Resources of company and capabilities of the farm are included under compa ny specific environment.    Development Mode can be combined with other Expansion Methods: Starbucks believes to accumulate different methods to inject success in the business. It adopts the licensing strategy to ensure the quality of the product and services are good enough to please the consumers. Licensing is the way of expanding and at the same time; joint venture applies for the growth or development of the business. Starbucks scrutinises the external countable factors at the entry level of new locations. On the basis of three must do assessments; it considers the strategies that should be undertaken. The best locations and targets are chosen on the result of the analytical assessments. The success of the business depends on the entry level strategy and operation of assessments. The success of the business does not only a result of best location; it is also a accumulated events of proper planning, entry level operation and funding. The home country methods generally come along with the strategies named Corporate and business level.  [6]   Starbucks joint venture and strategic alliance: Starbucks need for joint ventures and strategic alliance to move forward: In 2004, Starbucks was operating in more than 25 countries but now they are operating more than 50 countries around the glove. There are many advantages in being part of a joint venture. Through joint ventures it is possible to gather knowledge about the countrys culture, language, political system, and business systems.  [7]  They are already holding strong joint ventures with good strategic alliance in different countries in the world. They have established strong reputed brand image of their product. They are now getting full culture support from different countries by understanding the need for people, which reflect their good strategy in business. If we compare with the current market situation, we found that their consumptions of coffee is around 50% in Europe with in big tradition of coffee consumption in people And they are good in gaining market share. In Asian market coffee consumption is around 15% with high market impending. Starbucks dont need joint expansion of vent ures because of high dominating power in current international market with established brand name and image. They have huge manpower as well and high standing reputation in the market and they dont need to spend more on advertising.  [8]   Starbucks are now as a top level company in the world and also they are paying high salaries and benefits to their employees. Further if they will go for joint venture their might have the possibility of losing customers. Employees who they are working now do not feel to leave because their way of treating is very friendly with employees by maintaining high standard. They already have strong strategies and good product innovation system because of good holdings in the market. Starbucks are now selling ice cream outside of their different stores and super markets; they are getting good response from there, just because of their established brand name. Starbucks are continuously developing their strategies for running business in different countries around the globe and with high effectiveness. They are also spending more on value chain recruitment and payment to customer service. Starbucks are now finding new locations for the business and their business plans, mission, aims and corporate social responsibilities these all they doing from the part of good strategy they have. Without these they cant move forward and cannot be competitive in the market as well. Factors that can lead to Starbucks success: Innovation Through inducing of environmental friendly products Customer safety maintain Store facilities should be improved Some steps should be taken on-Need employee motivation through incentives and job satisfaction as well. The location of their company must be strategic. They also need to improve corporate social responsibilities though helping farmers in their livelihood as well as their houses, irrigation system etc. The company have focus on pricing strategies by comparing demand of product. They will have to focus on neglected customer and need research on tea speciality market.  [9]   Conclusion: Starbucks has now become leading multi-national company in the world by operating more than 50 countries in the world though establishing a leading global brand. Globally they are established and running their business effectively. They also change the concept of coffee shop into different manner like it can be meeting place, dating place or business place. My research: In 1971, Starbucks started their journey and now they are operating more than 50 countries in the world. Their total number of store is about 16,706 in 16000 locations around the world. Most of them 8850 stores are operated by the company and the rest of them are licensed store. In 2004, Starbucks was operating in more than 25 countries but now they are operating more than 50 countries around the glove. There are many advantages in being part of a joint venture. Through joint ventures it is possible to gather knowledge about the countrys culture, language, political system, and business systems. They are now getting full culture support from different countries by understanding the need for people, which reflect their good strategy in business. If we compare with the current market situation, we found that their consumptions of coffee is around 50% in Europe with in big tradition of coffee consumption in people And they are good in gaining market share. In Asian market coffee consump tion is around 15% with high market impending. Starbucks are now as a top level company in the world and also they are paying high salaries and benefits to their employees. Further if they will go for joint venture their might have the possibility of losing customers. Employees who they are working now do not feel to leave because their way of treating is very friendly with employees by maintaining high standard. They already have strong strategies and good product innovation system because of good holdings in the market. Starbucks are continuously developing their strategies for running business in different countries around the globe and with high effectiveness. They are also spending more on value chain recruitment and payment to customer service. Starbucks are now finding new locations for the business and their business plans, mission, aims and corporate social responsibilities these all they doing from the part of good strategy they have. Without these they cant move forward a nd cannot be competitive in the market as well. To be successful in future Starbucks should focus on employee motivation through incentives and their job satisfaction as well. The location of their company must be strategic. They also need to improve corporate social responsibilities though helping farmers in their livelihood as well as their houses, irrigation system etc. The company have focus on pricing strategies by comparing demand of product.

Experiment for Identification of Paracetamol

Experiment for Identification of Paracetamol PATRICK ANTWI MANU IDENTIFICATION OF PARACETAMOL THROUGH THE USE OF PHARMACOPIEA TEST ABSTRACT Paracetamol is widely used (NHS Choice, 2012) for the relief of minor pain, toothache, headaches, symptoms of cold and reduces of patient’s temperature (control fever symptoms). It is classified as a mild analgesic agent. The following procedures were used during the experiment of identification of paracetamol. TLC method is important for separation of mixture. This technique is commonly used to determine the presence of particular compound through comparison of Rf values of both unknown samples and the standard samples. Melting point analysis is also useful for identification of compound. The melting point range can be indicated and recorded with the help of a thermometer. For instance, the melting point of paracetamol ranges from168 to172 degree Celsius Infra-red spectroscopy is one of the most essentially useful methods for identification of compound. It is usually used to identify medicines that contain correct drug in most pharmaceutical industries. Structural information about the functional group of unknown compounds can be ascertained through the use of infra-red spectroscopy. Significantly, the results generated during this experiment attest the accuracy and importance of these methods for identification of compounds. For example, the Rf values of TLC method as well as infra-red spectroscopy analysis demonstrated the presence of paracetamol and cafeine in sample ‘B’ and ‘D’ respectively. INTRODUCTION Paracetamol is the best alternative choice for children and ulcer patients who have a minor pain such as headache and children. Consequently, too much it (NHS Choice 25/06/2012) can cause severe harm to the kidney and the liver. AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT Identify paracetamol from various unknown samples through pharmacopeia test. Hypothesis The range of melting point of the samples that contain paracetamol would be (168 to 172) degree Celsius. Again, the samples that contain paracetamol only would turn into violet without changing to red after the experiment D. The Rf values of unknown samples that contains paracetamol would be the same as the Rf value of the standard sample when compared. Apparatus used for the experiment Micro-spatula UV-light Indicator IR spectroscopy Melting apparatus Pencil Rule Chromatography tank TLC plate Thin capillary tube Conical flask Beaker Micro-pipette Materials used Ethyl acetate Four unknown samples Water Dichromate METHODS Melting point analysis Melting point analysis was conducted for all the four unknown samples labelled A, B, C, and D. Small amount of crystals of each unknown samples was fetched into the melting point capillary tube. The capillary tube contained the sample was placed into the melting point apparatus. The samples temperature was measured with digital thermometer. Hence, both initial and final melting point of the samples was observed and recorded. This experiment was repeated twice to obtain the ranges of the melting point. INFRA-RED TECHNIQUE During the experiment, the arm of IR spectroscopy was cleansed with (ethanol) alcohol. The background of IR spectroscopy was scanned. Hence, each sample was placed on the mouth of the IR spectroscopy and scanned. The wavelength detected the various bound in each compound. Copies of each compound scanned was printed out for observation and reading. EXPERIMENT D FOR IDENTIFICATION TEST ANALYSIS The experiment D was conducted for all the four unknown samples labelled A, B, C, and D. 0.1g of each unknown samples were measured with macro spatula and 1ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid was added to it. The solution was gently shake and heated to boil for about three minutes. 1ml of water was added to the boiling solution. After boiling, the solution was then placed in an ice bath to cool. Observation was made and there was no precipitation form. Therefore, 0.05m of 4.9/L solution of potassium dichromate was added to it and the colour developed for sample ‘B’ was violet without changing into red. However, the colour developed for sample ‘A’ was slightly red and changed to purpled whilst sample ‘C’ and ‘D’ developed yellow hint colour and diluted violet colour respectively. TLC METHOD A solvent system of about 20ml of ammonia: methanol: chloroform (1:19:80) was placed into the chromatography tank. A filter paper was placed against the wall inside the chromatography tank. The tank lid was placed on to prevent the evaporation of the solvent. The tank was left for about twenty minutes to allow saturated atmosphere to be formed. TLC method was conducted by using four unknown samples labelled A, B, C, D and ethyl acetate. During the experiment, a solution was made from each of the four unknown samples A, B, C, and D respectively. Thus, about 10mg of each sample was fetched with micro-spatula into the small beaker and dissolved with the small volume of ethyl acetate. Moreover, TLC plate was prepared by measuring 1.5cm distance from the edge of the plate with a rule. A horizontal line was drawn and marked the intervals with a pencil. The distance in between each interval was about 1.5cm apart. The line was demarcated into six intervals for the four unknown samples as well as the standard samples, which comprises of paracetamol and caffeine solution. Each solution was fetched with the help of a micro-pipette and spotted on the TLC plate at different intervals. In addition, the standard sample solutions of paracetamol and caffeine were spotted on the same plate at different position. Thus, spot A, B, C, D, Par and Caff in that order. The TLC plate was placed into the chromatography tank and covered with the lid. The solvent then moved up gradually through capillary action. Hence, the solute spotted on the TLC plate moved up along with the solvent (thus, mobile phase). TLC plate was removed from tank when the solvent reached about 2cm distance to the edge and marked with a pencil. Moreover, the plate was left to dry for about 20 minutes. After the evaporation of the solvent has taken place, TLC plate was then placed under the UV light for observation. A drawing was made with a pencil around the new spots formed on the plate. A measurement of the distance travelled by both solvent and substance were recorded. The Rf value was calculated for both unknown samples and the standard samples. Therefore, the Rf value was calculated base on the formula below. Rf value = distance travelled by substance divided by the distance travelled by solvent. Finally, the Rf values of unknown samples were compared with Rf values of the standard samples. The Rf value for paracetamol Rf = 3.90/6.1 Rf value = 0.639 = 0.64 RESULTS (b). Melting point analysis results SAMPLES A B C D MELTING POINT RANGE 171- 175 171 172 200 206 159 The sample ‘A’ is a bit higher than the normal range of the standard paracetamol sample. Equally, sample ‘B’ indicated the presence of paracetamol as the ranges 171-172 degree Celsius (c). (d). EXPERIMENT D FOR IDENTIFICATION ANALYSIS results SAMPLES A B C D Colour of solution Slightly red and turned to purple Violet Yellowish hint Dilute violet Sample ‘A’ developed purple colour which shows para-aminophenol The colour achieved for sample ‘B’ was violet which show positive result and it was therefore indicated the presence of paracetamol. The colour developed for sample ‘C’ was yellow hint which indicated the presence of caffeine. However, sample ‘D’ developed diluted violet colour which shows the presence of caffeine and paracetamol. Infra-red analysis results Sample AÂ   Sample B Bond Functional group Frequency / wave number absorption cm-1 Intensity v N-H amine 3319.12 stretch strong v C-H 2794.94 stretch strong/medium v O-H Hydrogen bond in alcohol, phenol 3109.51 stretch Strong v C=C 1650.71 Aromatic stretch s v C=O 1609.82 amide stretch N-H delta amide 1562.66 amide bend v C=C Aromatic stretch 1504.96 aromatic stretch The functional group obtained on sample ‘B’ indicated the presence of paracetamol. Sample C Sample D (g). Results for TLC analysis STANDARD SAMPLES Paracetamol Caffeine Rf values from TLC analysis 0.64 0.89 SAMPLES A B C D Rf values from TLC analysis 0.74 0.64 0.89 0.73 The Rf values calculated for TLC analysis indicated that sample B is paracetamol when compare with the standard samples. Thus, 0.64 Compound A, C, and D are less polar since they travelled faster and further in the mobile phase and they are more attracted to the mobile phase than compound B. However, compound B is more polar and travel slowly in the mobile phase. It is most attracted to the stationary phase. Discussion The experiment D of sample ‘B’ clearly showed positive outcome and indicated the presence of paracetamol as violet colour was achieved. In addition, TLC analysis also indicated that sample ‘B’ was paracetamol when Rf value of unknown samples ‘compared to the standard samples. Therefore, this shows the accuracy and precision of the positive outcomes of the experiment. Equally, the ranges obtained from melting analysis for sample ‘B’ also confirmed the presence of paracetamol. Experiment D of sample ‘A’ showed deep purple colour and the infra-red analysis confirmed that, it is para-aminophenol. Moreover, both experiment D, TLC method and infra-red analysis confirmed the presence of caffeine in sample ‘C’. However, sample ‘D’ developed dilute violet colour TLC analysis which shows a mixture of (two compounds) paracetamol and caffeine. The infra-red analysis also confirmed that, sample ‘D’ was a mixture of two compounds. Time SUMMARY REFERENCE Barber, J., Rostron, C.,(2013). Pharmaceutical Chemistry Hill, G., Holman, J,. (2011) Chemistry in Context. 6th edition NHS Choice, (25/06/2012). Available at: http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Painkillers-paracetamol/Pages/Introduction.aspx APPENDICES Mobile phase: Rf value: retention factor for thin layer chromatography. Stationary phase: TLC: thin layer chromatography UV light: ultraviolet light

Reviews of Native Son :: Native Son Essays

Reviews of Native Son Native Son, by Richard Wright, was hailed by reviewers as an instant classic upon its release in 1940. The novel was an instant bestseller, having been included in the book-of-the-month-club. Due to its proto revolutionary themes it was the subject of many reviews. Two such reviewers are Clifton Fadiman and Malcolm Cowley. Clifton Fadiman, writer for The New Yorker declared that Native Son was the most powerful American novel since the Grapes of Wrath. He is positive that anyone who reads this book has to know what it means to be a Negro, especially being a Negro in the U.S. over seventy years after the Emancipation Proclamation. Fadiman then goes on to compare the novel to Theodore Dreiser's An American Tragedy, declaring that his novel did for the American white as Native Son did for the Negro. Fadiman begins criticizing Bigger Thomas, the main character in the novel. He feels that Bigger is just a stupid fool, having done everything possible to actually get himself caught. Fadiman also writes that Bigger "...knew that the moment he allowed what his life meant to enter fully into his consciousness, he would either kill himself or somebody else." Fadiman then goes on by criticizing Wright stating that he is too explicit, repetitive, and overdoes his melodrama from time to time. Fadiman does not believe Wright to be a finished writer just yet. However, he does think that Wright possesses the two absolute necessities of the first-rate novelist, passion and intelligence. He also understands that Wright must have been greatly affected by the labor movement, which may have contributed to Native Son. At the conclusion of his review, Fadiman once again compares Native Son to An American Tragedy. He says that the two novels tell almost the same story. Although He feels that Dreiser's novel is filled with better, more controlled knowledge; he feels that Wright's novel will have the same affect on the reader if they are not afraid of a challenge. By saying "afraid," Fadiman means that Native Son is not merely a story but a deep experience. The next review that we will look at is one done by Malcolm Cowley,

Hamlet Essay -- Shakespeare

‘Critics often judge Gertrude as a weak, selfish and innocent woman, caught up in conflicts she does not fully understand.’ To what extent do you agree with this? The two female characters in Shakespeare’s tragedy seem to be drowned in the mist of the deceitful power-game played by the male characters, which contribute to the on-going tragic conventions of murder, revenge and betrayal so prevalent in this form of drama. The title of Hamlet’s metatheatrical play-within-a-play, 'the mouse-trap' is as applicable to the plot of Shakespeare’s 'Hamlet'; set in the especially patriarchal society of Elsinore, which is dominated by the authoritative actions of the male characters, Hamlet may be seen as a tragedy where the female characters have small and seemingly unimportant roles in the tragic plot compared to the climactic ‘masculine’ moments – the visitations of the Ghost, the dramatic agon between Hamlet and Claudius and the final conquest between Hamlet and his counterpart Laertes. Gertrude is a character whose fate is tragically overshadowed by the power of these men, indicative of the submissive role o f women in the Jacobean period. Despite the fact that directors often present Gertrude as a sensual and deceitful woman who is vain and self-satisfied with strong sexual appetites, if one looks to Shakespeare’s text, this character has a very small and arguably innocent voice in the play; indeed Rebecca Smith argues that ‘Gertrude’s words and action create not the lusty, lustful, lascivious Gertrude that one generally sees in stage and film productions but a compliant, loving, unimaginative woman whose only concern is pleasing others’. In order to assess Shakespeare’s characterisation of the Queen, it is necessary to exami... ...arded as selfish, weak and innocent, caught up in a conflict that she more than understands. Works Cited Bamber, L.(1990) â€Å"Class Struggle: Shakespeare and Sexism.† The Women’s Review of Books 7:5. Bradley, A.C. (1966) Shakespearean Tragedy. New York: St. Martin's Press. Burnett, Mark, ed. (1994) New Essays on Hamlet. New York: AMS Press. Granville-Barker, Henry. (1970) Prefaces to Shakespeare. New York: Hill and Wang. Heilbrun, Carolyn. (1957) Hamlet’s Mother. California: University of California Press. Kolin, Philip C. (1991). Shakespeare and Feminist Criticism an Annotated Bibliography and Commentary. New York: Garland. Loske, Olaf. (1960) Outrageous Fortune. Oslo: Oslo University Press. Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. Shakespeare, William. Macbeth. Smith, Rebecca. ‘A Heart Cleft in Twain: the Dilemma of Shakespeare’s Gertrude’.

Review of Khayal Darpan

REVIEW ON KHAYAL DARPAN BY YUSUF SAIED IN LIGHT OF FAIZ AHMAD FAIZ â€Å"ROLE OF ART AND CULTURE† Khayal Darpan is the quest to discover the impact of partition on classical music in Hindustan, a documentary directed by Yusuf Saied. Yusuf Saied is one of the recent scholars who are trying to revive post partition culture and art which is somehow lost due to adoption of new Cultural identity. Yusuf other works include several articles on Islamic Modernization and Muslim community in India, he also directed an international documentary named â€Å" Tasveer Ghar† about Indian popular Culture and Art. As mention by great modernist poet Faiz, the body of art is the visible representation of a national identity, however in case of Pakistan forging an identity of its own rather than adopting from Indus valley civilization was the one of the reasons why pre partition art was throw in to abyss. 1 Khayal Darpan is well documented because it trace grounds and consequences of collapse of classical music what is named, â€Å" ILEM-E-MOUSIQI† in movie, to it ends in very optimistic observations. Khayal Darpan raised many vital questions about culture, nationalism and legitimacy of music in Islam. Yusuf documented some of the surviving practitioners and patrons of Classical music and observed the teaching of music in several institutions. Movie starts with very grounds of â€Å"_Biathaks†_ and â€Å"_Takias__†_ in Lahore where musicians from all over undivided India performed for perfection in â€Å"ILEM-E-MOUSIQI†, with great names such as Amer Ali, Ashiq Ali, Amnat Ali, Roshanara Begum and Bade Ghulam Ali. Yusuf journey takes him to Talwandi Gharana master practitioners of Dhrupad art of music. Things however gradually changed following partition with political identities slaughtering the art, anything with names of Hindu deities were banned on radio, names of Ragas were changed and some new Ragas were also introduced in classical music. Yusuf followed the first part of documentary with controversies during migration and its impact on music with gradual death of art and cultural exchange among two countries. Queries were often raised in masses why to adopt something which contain names of Hindu deities, tracing to it very beginning the classical music or Dhrupad art was developed by a Muslim Sufi Ameer Khusroo, and as Faiz define_ Art as a way of expression of urges, impulses, instinct, dreams, illusions, conflicts, happiness, and unhappiness, and fulfillments and frustrations of a human group_. 2 Second part of movie focus on problems faced by Classical Music after creation of Pakistan. Anti Indian, cultural and Political policies which were imposed in Pakistan did great causalities to â€Å"Khayal† and â€Å"Thumra† style of music. The Anti Indian sentiment which was induced in every Pakistani by political agents in country did great damage to culture which is now long forgotten. Indus Valley Culture was completely eliminated from post colonial society of Pakistan. Anything which relates itself to Sanskrit or Hindi was considered Indian and person practicing it was considered to be unpatriotic. This was very case in India with promotion of anti Pakistan and anti Urdu sentiment. These policies made their impacts on culture, art and literature of both countries. Movie continue with religious attacks on Music with â€Å"DEO BANDS† calling music forbidden in Islam completely neglecting the reality that music in South Asian society was patronized by Sufis. Moreover all of music teacher were related to red light area of Lahore â€Å"HERA MANDI†, this was also the reason why music was made so much unpopular in local masses. There were Valiant efforts to save art and this task was taken by musician themselves but with nearly no one patronizing classical music in society other than few listeners and singers. Later movie takes in account the change of trends in music genres. Ghazal became a popular genre in late sixties and early seventies. As Badaruzaman, classical singer from Lahore explains the reason for absurdness of old genre and denounces adoption of new genre as reason for their obscurity of classical music. However classical music was thrown into obscurity, like traditional Urdu poetry, because of stubbornness and lack of acceptance of new ideas into its regime. Classical music was not accessible and understandable to masses, like son of Tufail Niazi, folk singer explains, and how their father tired to make classical music accessible and understandable to masses. Faiz Ahmad Faiz in his Article, â€Å"Role of Arts & Culture†, tired to explain the factors for downfall of performing art in sub continent. According to Faiz the downfall of Mughal Empire brings arts of music and dancing to red light areas which gradually became morally unacceptable to society. The social prejudices attaching to artists of that time make art unpopular; the concert halls (Kothas) of Banaras and Lahore which was once appreciated by Nawabs and Rajas of subcontinent became a center of prostitution rather than a place of appreciation of performing art. Secondly he blamed imperialist rulers and colonial rule in India who sought to replace Indian culture with their own. During colonial rule national arts were held up to scorn and ridiculed and their western counterparts were popularized. After independence performing arts were apprehended by political and religious agents in both countries. _Performing art became immoral, vulgar and hence antireligious and ideologically unacceptable by both societies, however only classical music was apprehended on these religious and moral _grounds. Thoughtless and ill advised cultural shows during military rule in Pakistan was also the main factor in disrepute of performing art in Pakistan. All these factors provided a sanctuary to western art in Indian society which was adopted by later generations in Pakistan. 3 Third part of movie focuses of â€Å"modernism†, and its effects on art, culture, and literature. There was change in nearly every sect of society, throughout the world. There was mass adoption of western (modernist) cultural trend which is usually mistaken as adoption of western culture. Adoption of Pop and rock music became popular in new generation in Pakistan. Badaruzaman, classical singer from Lahore elucidates the reason of popularity of modern music; according to him clarity of lyrics in songs is the main reason for acceptance of Pop in Pakistani society, and deprecates the complexities of classical music for its downfall. Sarah Zaman talks about the void between traditional music and modern music which according to her is not created in India and Pakistan. She hopes that new generation will see towards traditional music with new approach. She also talks about the ideological differences between generations and how new generations look down upon traditional music and calls it as refutation of our cultural and traditional values. Last part of the movie compares western music with our traditional music. After World War 2 western music changes its trend and despite of ballads, sonnets and romantic songs a new genre of music were developed in western art with their lyrics mainly focusing on topics of wars, religion, society and humanity. On other hand Indian music was still not out of â€Å"Heer Ranja† and â€Å"Sassi Pannu†. It is not western music which is to be blame for dilemma with our traditional music. Horn of dilemma, tradition versus modernism was not limited to performing art but in literature traditional ways were rejected by new generation poets. Tides of time change the use of art in a society, trend of â€Å"art for art† for replaced by â€Å"art for life†, however our classical musician were late in realizing the requirements of new generation which gave a refuge to western music in Pakistani society. Faiz also describe the problem of national identity and relates it to the classical tradition of the arts. Traditions of dancing and music were in Indian society long before arrival of Islam in region; hence contain many ingredients which are not related to Islamic social traditions. Tradition of dancing and music also contains many ingredients from areas which are not Pakistani so this tradition cannot be exclusively Pakistani. Should this tradition then be accepted or alienated from Pakistani society? According to Faiz there are two schools of thought in Pakistan arguing on this question. First school of thought wants to develop a complete new national identity with estranging all elements of our past, but this thought leaves a big question mark on issue relating Urdu as national language and Hockey as national. The differing view on adopting or alienating tradition is that this tradition was accepted by our forefathers and this tradition represents days of Muslim glory in South Asia. This tradition should be accepted and actively patronized. There is also another points of view in this context that a clear distinction should be must be made between non-Islamic and Anti-Islamic in arts. 4_ It is obvious from the movie and article that political and religious agencies were main reason for downfall of this tradition in Pakistan. Classical musician should also be held liable for several reasons which played important role in alienating and diluting society from this tradition

Cai in Chemistry

1 calculating machine ASSISTED INSTRUCTION IN chemistry IN RELATION TO LEARNERS PERSONALITY Dr. R. Sivakumar countermand The aim of this study was to scratch bug protrude the tellingness of data processor help mastery in instruction chemical substance wisdom In Relation To Learners disposition. The sample consisted of 40 students in fit crowd and 40 students in data-based conference. The data were collected victimization appropriate tools and it was analyzed by t and F turn out. The come ab bug outing is that the skill win of observational classify savants were higher than the view as free radical Students. Introduction Today is an age of information processing system.Read this Practice establish Chem 105figurer finds a big place in educational engine room. M some(prenominal) research studies proved CAI has been in force(p) in realizing the counsellingal physical objects. But there is dearth of studies in establishing relative potence among diver gent modes of calculator ground instruction. The studies reserve as healthful as proved the nucleusiveness of unlike media changes with respect to individual divergences among learners. Under this consideration it is inoperative to establish whether the record of learners has any influence in determining the media impressiveness. The researcher has therefrom chosen calculator as the medium to discover interpersonal chemistry.The detective has likewise measured the effectiveness of precept chemical science by dint of computer over the schematic rule acting namely lecturing 2 calculator help fixment The near exciting innovation in the educational engine room is computer Assisted counselling. It is a development of systematic programmed eruditeness and commandment machine. It is a self-instructional device with the principle of atomization. Computer Assisted Instruction as Computer applications admit to handed-down training methods much than(preno minal)(prenominal) as drill, tutorial, demonstration, simulation and instructional games.It is an effective media and an indispensable aid in the principle- cultivation process. The instructional process carried out with the help of computer is known as Computer Assisted Instruction. It is non merely a advance(a) eccentric of programmed instruction but a opposite winsome of instruction altogether. It uses programmed instruction electronic data processing, data talk, concepts of audio-visual and media theory, communication theory, system theory and acquire theory.Computer technology is likely to influence education enormously and washstand play an important image in enhancing the efficiency of the teaching-learning process. C. A. I. is perhaps the best, because it offers ? severalise instruction ? Effective interaction with the learner and ? Immediate feed back perception In normal usage, the word light is applied to a variety of disciplines or intellectual activities, which earn certain features in common. Usually a knowledge is characterized by the gap of making precise statements, which be susceptible 3 of some clubify of check or proof.This often implies that the situations with which the superfluous cognizance is interested can be made to recur in arrangement to submit themselves of check, although this is by no room al authoritys the case. there is observational scientific discipline such as astronomy or geology in which repetition of situation at will is intrinsically impossible, and the possible precision is limited to precision of description. Science discipline It we throw a bridge surrounded by science and education, using psychology, we arrive at the concept of science education, which bluntly speaking, is an integrated concept.If so it is then, within the realm of possibility to link the most powerful concepts of science to the growing minds of children finished agile data- base pedagogy. In that case, science edu cation wish no longer remain a single dimension activity. It would be our handicraft then to develop the scientific and technical capabilities of our school going pupils. We may be then able to win our hightail it in education in the twenty-first century. The field of science education is thus coterminous with life. This view promotes as well the inherent prize system of science on a actually considerable scale.It is precisely for this reason that research in scion is needed and, if so, needs to be p arntd for relevance at an early hour. chemical science interpersonal chemistry is a physical science connect to studies of mingled atoms, molecules, crystals and other aggregates of matter whether in isolation or combination, which 4 incorporates the concepts of capability and entropy in relation to the spontaneousness of chemical processes. alchemy is the science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter, as well as the changes it undergoes durin g chemical reactions.Chemistry is the scientific study of interaction of substances called chemical substances that are constituted of atoms or the subatomic comp peerlessnts that demand up atoms protons, electrons and neutrons. Atoms combine to produce ions, molecules or crystals. Chemistry can be called the central science because it connects the other vivid sciences, such as astronomy, physics, material science, biology, and geology. Objectives of Teaching Chemistry The knowledge gained about the institution is science and this knowledge is so capacious that the valet de chambre mind cannot comprehend it completely. thus science has deferent divisions as Physics, Chemistry, and Biology among these divisions Chemistry has a great importance since a number of chemical compounds are applied in our day to day life. Hence chemistry becomes a vital survey in all directs of education. ? The pupils develop scientific attitude towards chemical phenomena. ? The pupils develop the skill of enquiry observation accepting the facts based on repeated and relevant experimentation. ? The pupils catch knowledge and understand the chemicals terms, facts, concepts, principles and processes. 5 The pupils apply knowledge and understanding of chemistry in unfamiliar situations. ? The pupils develop skills in handling apparatus, reporting chemical information, evidences and results using scientific technology. ? The pupils appreciate the chemical phenomena in genius and the role of chemistry in human welfare. ? The pupils develop interest in accompaniment world. Concept building is an essential conclusion in teaching of science. In swan to make scientific concepts more meaningful, worthy communication media are needed. Need For the breeding Computer is very effective for teaching learning, analysis and evaluation.Though, the computer has flourished in many ways, there is another side in which the teacher taught through conventional method. It has been find that there are some defects or disadvantages in conventional classroom method of teaching and learning. In this type of teaching, students have to observe classroom under tight- go for and exacting supervision. It is highly laborious and time consuming. in that location are many types of diversion get due to various mover such as poor murder of the students, wanting(predicate) class room climate, excess class strength, noisy situation etc. The students can learn at their own convenience. at that place mathematical operation or the assessment will not be exactly correct. They cannot be active as compare to experiment method. in that location are many external disturbances is learning. thence it has been found that Computer Assisted Instruction is very much suitable method for the teaching and learning. 6 Objectives of the Study 1. To develop and validate CAI Software for teaching Chemistry for XI regular Students. 2. To find out whether there is any important departure betwix t the students exploit slews in Chemistry of the control separate and observational root at Pre running play train. 3.To find out whether there is any substantial dissimilarity between the students feat heaps in Chemistry of the control throng and observational group at stick out canvas take aim. 4. To find out the effect of CAI software on the motion in Chemistry in different learning objectives such as acquaintance, Understanding, industry and Skill. 5. To find out whether there is any satisfying oddment between control and observational group of students achievement in Chemistry of various categories of sub-samples wise. i. Gender ii. neck of the woods of the students iii. paternal development v. enate blood v. Computer intimacy and vi. Residence of the Students 6. To find out the effect of CAI software on the achievement in Chemistry among control and observational group of students based on different individualizedity types. 7. To find out whether there is any significant leaving in the achievement of the follow-up tests conducted during the interposition for XI standard students. 7 Hypotheses of the Study 1. on that point is no significant dispute between the students achievement scores in Chemistry of the control group and experimental group at Pre-test aim. 2.There is no significant going away between the students achievement scores in Chemistry of control group and experimental group at Post-test train. 3. There is no significant oddment among groups taught through CAI and confab method on the achievement in Chemistry in different learning objectives such as Knowledge, Understanding, Application and Skill. 4. There is no significant difference among groups taught through CAI and Lecture method on the achievement in Chemistry with respect to students categorize on the basis of i. Gender ii. Locality of the students iii. paternal education iv. Parental barter . Computer Knowledge and vi. Residence of the Studen ts 5. There is no significant difference among groups taught through CAI and Lecture method on the achievement in Chemistry with respect to students temper types. 6. There is no significant difference in the achievement of the follow-up test conducted during the treatment for XI standard students. methodological analysis An experiment involves the comparison of the effects of a particular treatment with that of a different treatment or of no treatment. In a sample conventional 8 experiment, reference is usually made to an experimental group and to a control group.These groups are equated as nearly as possible. The experimental group is exposed to the influence of the factor under consideration the control group is not observation is made to ascertain to what difference appears or what change or modification occurs in the experiment as contrasted with the control group. The present study, which aims at decision the Computer Assisted Instruction in Teaching Chemistry for XI Standard Students, has been designed using the methodology as observational method. Sample of the Study The researcher selected cc students in XI Standard.Out of these 200 students, 80 students were selected, based on their performance in the half-yearly exam, which is a common one. For that, those students who have secured 60% and above mark are alone selected. Further an witch test prepared by the Investigator was administered to the 80 students thus selected. Based on the marks of the entrance test, students were arranged in descending order. From that the Investigator selected the first one for control group, next for experimental group. The control group consists of odd number of students and experimental group consists of even number of students. cook group was exposed to traditional method of teaching. It consists of 40 students of XI standard. In the same way experimental group was given treatment through Computer Assisted Instruction in teaching. It also consists of 40 9 studen ts of XI standard. Thus 80 students were the come up sample selected for this study. Tools Used 1. plan based CAI software packages were developed for the topic chemical Bonding of XI Standard Chemistry. 2. Syllabus based Pre-Test and Post-Test Materials were prepared and validated. 3. Myers-Briggs Types Indicator (MBTI) Personality test was used. (Developed and Standardized by Jung, 1971) 4.The Personal data of the samples were collected through the questionnaire. statistical Techniques Used Statistical techniques serve the key purpose of the description and inferential analysis. The quest statistical techniques were used in the study. 1. t test was applied to analyze the deferential hypothesis. 2. f test was used to find out the signification of relationship between the Sub-group variables. Analysis of Post-Test motion The following table furnishes the data on the Post-Test performance of the prevail and observational groups and also furnishes the significance of ifferenc e between the achievement scores of students in various groups in detail. importee OF diversion among THE movement stacks OF THE CONTROL AND data-based throng IN PRE-TEST LEVEL Sl. nary(prenominal) uncertain N wet S. D. t Test direct of real 1 manoeuvre 40 14. 3 1. 9 0. 55 non satisfying at 0. 05 take aim data-based 40 14. 1 2. 16 10 signification OF DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE acquisition slews OF THE CONTROL AND EXPERIMENTAL GROUP IN POST-TEST LEVEL Sl. No. covariant N sozzled S. D. t Test aim of momentous 2 statement 40 71. 27 6. 44 17. 35 prodigious at 0. 05 level data-based 40 90. 6 2. 83 signification OF DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE ACHIEVEMENT slews OF THE CONTROL AND EXPERIMENTAL GROUP IN polar acquisition OBJECTIVES SUCH AS KNOWLEDGE, UNDERSTANDING, APPLICATION AND acquirement Sl. No. Objectives changeable N blind drunk S. D. t Test direct of prodigious 3 Knowledge Control 40 26. 08 2. 76 13. 88 substantial at 0. 05 level data-based 40 32. 3 1. 11 4 Und erstanding Control 40 21. 3 2. 02 23. 58 Significant at 0. 05 level Experimental 40 29. 45 0. 85 5 Application Control 40 12. 2 1. 22 16. 05 Significant at 0. 05 level Experimental 40 15. 6 0. 55 6 Skill Control 40 11. 7 1. 21 4. 74 Significant at 0. 05 levelExperimental 40 12. 95 1. 07 SIGNIFICANCE OF DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE ACHIEVEMENT SCORES OF STUDENTS WITH compliments TO GENDER, LOCALITY, KNOWLEDGE OF COMPUTER AND RESIDENCE Sl. No. Variable Sub Variables N Mean S. D. t Test Level of Significant 7 Gender Boys 20 90. 5 3. 05 0. 221 not Significant at 0. 05 level Girls 20 90. 7 2. 65 8 Locality artless 24 90. 83 2. 61 0. 635 Not Significant at 0. 05 level Urban 16 90. 25 3. 17 9 Knowledge of Computer With Computer Knowledge 13 88. 84 2. 37 3. 11 Significant at 0. 05 level With out Computer Knowledge 27 91. 44 2. 66 10 Residence Hosteller 18 89. 66 2. 78 1. 94 Not Significant t 0. 05 level solar day prentice 22 91. 36 2. 68 11 SIGNIFICANCE OF DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE ACHIEVEMENT S CORES OF STUDENTS WITH RESPECT TO PARENTAL fosterage AND PARENTAL OCCUPATION Sl. No. Variable Categories Sum of Squares df Mean F Level of Significant 11 Parental Education Between Groups 9. 079 2 4. 540 0. 555 Not Significant at 0. 05 level deep down Groups 302. 521 37 8. 176 Total 311. 600 39 12 Parental Occupation Between Groups 427. 746 5 8. 549 1. 08 Not Significant at 0. 05 level Within Groups 268. 854 34 7. 907 Total 311. 600 39 SIGNIFICANCE OF DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE ACHIEVEMENT SCORES OF THE CONTROL ANDEXPERIMENTAL GROUP IN DIFFERENT TYPES LEARNERS PERSONALITY Sl. No. Variables N Mean SD t Level of Significant 13 Extroversion 22 89. 09 2. 43 4. 59 Significant at 0. 05 level infolding 18 92. 44 2. 12 14 Sensing 14 92. 14 1. 95 3. 07 Significant at 0. 05 level misgiving 26 89. 76 2. 91 15 Thinking 17 92. 29 2. 31 3. 8 Significant at 0. 05 level Feeling 23 89. 34 2. 53 16 Judging 15 88. 73 2. 96 3. 7 Significant at 0. 05 level Perceiving 25 91. 72 2. 09 SIGNIFICANCE OF DIFF ERENCE BETWEEN THE ACHIEVEMENT SCORES OF THE CONTROL AND EXPERIMENTAL GROUP IN FOLLOW-UP TEST Sl. No. Variable N Mean S. D. Test Level of Significant 17 Control 40 71. 25 7. 15 14. 8 Significant at 0. 05 level Experimental 40 89. 32 2. 89 FINDINGS 1. The work out t think of 0. 55 is very much lesser than the exact measure out 1. 99 at 0. 05 level of significant. This implies that the difference in the achievement of Control group and Experimental group is not significant. 12 2. The compute t apprise 17. 35 is very much greater than the diminutive foster 1. 99 at 0. 05 level of significant. This implies that the difference in the achievement of Control group and Experimental group is significant. 3. The cypher t hold dear 13. 8 is greater than the fine survey 1. 99 at 0. 05 level of significant. This indicates that the difference in the achievement of Control group and Experimental group is significant in the learning objective Knowledge level. 4. The reckon t quantify 23. 58 is greater than the critical value 1. 99 at 0. 05 level of significant. This indicates that the difference in the achievement of Control group and Experimental group is significant in the learning objective Understanding level. 5. The compute t value 16. 05 is greater than the critical value 1. 99 at 0. 05 level of significant.This indicates that the difference in the achievement of Control group and Experimental group is significant in the learning objective Application level. 6. The calculated t value 4. 74 is greater than the critical value 1. 99 at 0. 05 level of significant. This indicates that the difference in the achievement of Control group and Experimental group is significant in the learning objective Skill level. 13 7. The calculated t value 0. 221 is very much lesser than the critical value 2. 02 at 0. 05 level of significant. This indicates that the difference in the achievement of Boys and Girls is not significant. . The calculated t value 0. 635 is lesser th an the critical value 2. 02 at 0. 05 level of significant. This indicates that the difference in the achievement Rural and Urban area students is not significant. 9. The calculated t value 3. 11 is greater than the critical value 2. 02 at 0. 05 level of significant. This indicates that the difference in the achievement of students having with computer knowledge and without computer knowledge is significant. 10. The calculated t value 1. 94 is lesser than the critical value 2. 02 at 0. 05 level of significant.This indicates that the difference in the achievement of Day Scholar and Hosteller students is not significant. 11. The calculated F value 0. 555 is lesser than the diminutive value 3. 23 at 0. 05 level of significant. It implies that the difference in the achievement of the Student of various groups, based on their Parental Education is not significant. 12. The calculated F value 1. 08 is lesser than the Critical value 2. 48 at 0. 05 level of significant. It implies that the d ifference in the achievement of the Student of various groups, based on their Parental Occupation is not significant. 4 13. The calculated t value 4. 59 is greater than the critical value 2. 02 at 0. 05 level of significant. This indicates that the difference in the achievement of extroversion and introversion reputation type students is significant. 14. The calculated t value 3. 07 is greater than the critical value 2. 02 at 0. 05 level of significant. This indicates that the difference in the achievement of sensing and intuition personality type students is significant. 15. The calculated t value 3. 8 is greater than the critical value 2. 02 at 0. 05 level of significant.This indicates that the difference in the achievement of Thinking and Feeling personality type students is significant. 16. The calculated t value 3. 7 is greater than the critical value 2. 02 at 0. 05 level of significant. This indicates that the difference in the achievement of Judging and Perceiving personalit y type students is significant. 17. The calculated t value 14. 8 is very much greater than the critical value 1. 99 at 0. 05 level of significant. This implies that the difference in the achievement of Control group and Experimental group students is significant. heavyset of the FindingsThe major finding of the study reveals that Experimental method of teaching more effective than the Traditional method in teaching Chemistry. In other words teaching Chemistry by using CAI is more effective. There is no significant difference between the Control group and Experimental group in the pre-test. But in the post-test the Experimental group performed better than the Control group. 15 Conclusion From the above study, the research worker has an idea that CAI provides greater opportunities for the students to learn. It is better than the traditional method of learning.It brings a new kind of experiences for the students in Higher Secondary Schools. Therefore, the investigator desires that mo re number of Educational institutions should teach Chemistry by using CAI and make the process of teaching and learning more effective. 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